THE LASER TECHNOLOGY: TYPES AND TRENDS IN MEDICINE

Abstract

Laser light amplified stimulated emission radiation, unlike a standard light beam, is a source of monochromatic, coherent and unidirectional light. In the medical field, lasers are diagnostic and therapeutic instruments that offer a whole range of solutions. The lasers which enables for greater surgical precision is less invasive and promotes healing time and cure, This technique is generally much less traumatic than surgical techniques. Ruby laser is the first working laser demonstrated by Ted Maiman. Host material is corundum crystal, dopants are Crions. Pumping is done with flash lamps and laser operates in pulsed regime. Its lasing wavelength is 694 nm. From cost point of view, the ruby lasers are economical. Beam diameter of the ruby is comparatively less than co2 gas lasers. Output power of the Ruby laser is not as less as in He-Ne gas lasers. One of the first applications for the ruby laser was in range finding. Due to low output power they are class-I lasers and so may used as toys for children’s. Uses of lasers in medicineIts advantages have been demonstrated in the treatment of myopia and cataract where they enable patient with visual impairment to regain a clear vision and forget the stress of wearing glasses and contact lenses[3]. Uses of lasers in dermatology, treatments of vascular lesions such as angiomas, telangiectasias, spider naive, treatment of pigmented lesions, and tattoo or hair removal targeting the melanin stored in the hair follicles in order to destroy the hair matrix to enable permanent hair removal. Laser surgery has the advantage of reducing risk of infection and it promotes healing. Lasers are currently being safely used for the treatment of cancers arising in various organ systems. In neurosurgery for ex., Laser interstitial thermal therapy [LITT] is preferred treatment option for patients who are not ideal surgical candidates. Laser lithotripsy is surgical procedure to remove stones from urinary tract i.e., kidney, urinary bladder, or urethra. Laser can also use in dentistry and phlebology to treat of varicose vein.