Evaluation of risk factors associated with SARSCoV-2 transmission

Abstract

Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Since there is not enough evidence of risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, this study aimed to evaluate them. Methods: This survey-based study was conducted across 66 countries from May to November 2020 among suspected and confirmed individuals with COVID-19. The stepwise AIC method was utilized to determine the optimal multivariable logistic regression to explore predictive factors of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Results: Among 2372 respondents who participated in the study, there were 1172 valid responses. The profession of non-healthcare-worker (OR: 1.77, 95%CI: 1.04–3.00, p ¼ .032), history of SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV infection (OR: 4.78, 95%CI: 2.34–9.63, p < .001), higher frequency of contact with colleagues (OR: 1.17, 95%CI: 1.01–1.37, p ¼ .041), and habit of hugging when greeting (OR: 1.25, 95%CI: 1.00–1.56, p ¼ .049) were associated with an increased risk of contracting COVID-19. Current smokers had a lower likelihood of having COVID-19 compared to former smokers (OR: 5.41, 95%CI: 1.93–17.49, p ¼ .002) or non-smokers (OR: 3.69, 95%CI: 1.48–11.11, p ¼ .01). Conclusions: Our study suggests several risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission including the profession of non-healthcare workers, history of other coronavirus infections, frequent close contact with colleagues, the habit of hugging when greeting, and smoking status. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Since there is not enough evidence of risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, this study aimed to evaluate them. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection was higher among non-healthcare workers and among those who had a history of being tested positive for SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV before the COVID-19 outbreak. The habit of frequent contact with colleagues or hugging when greeting significantly increased the risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2. The current smokers had a lower risk of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 than others who had a habit of smoking tobacco in the past or who had never smoked.