Working program of the academic discipline "Pathomorphology"

Abstract

Pathomorphology is an educational discipline that provides concepts about the structural basis of human diseases for in-depth learning of the fundamental foundations of medicine and the clinical picture of diseases with further use of the acquired knowledge in the practical work of a doctor. Pathomorphology as an educational discipline is based on students' mastery of human anatomy and physiology, histology, cytology, embryology and genetics, microbiology, virology and immunology, biological chemistry, medical biology and medical physics. Learning pathomorphology is integrated with the study of pathological physiology and clinical disciplines. The study of the structural foundations of human diseases consists of two sections: general and clinical pathomorphology (special pathological anatomy) and thanatology. General pathomorphology lays down an understanding of the structural foundations of cellular and organ pathology — typical general pathological processes, the totality of which determines the morphofunctional manifestations of certain diseases. Special (clinical) pathomorphology provides knowledge of the structural foundations of the development of human diseases and their clinical manifestations, recovery, complications and consequences; knowledge of changes in diseases that develop in connection with changes in the living conditions of a person and the environment ( pathomorphosis ); knowledge of diseases that arise as a result of various medical measures - preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic, cosmetological, anesthesiological, intensive care (pathology of therapy, intensive care pathology, iatrogenic). Thanatology lays down knowledge about the causes, mechanisms and types of death of patients, on which modern anticipatory intensive therapy is based. The basis of pathomorphology is pathological anatomy. Pathological anatomy (from the Greek pathos — suffering) — the science of the structural foundations of diseases and pathological processes, which sheds light on structural changes in organelles, cells, the intercellular matrix, tissues and organs of a sick person, as well as the causes and mechanisms of death of patients. Pathological anatomy is a clinical science and at the same time a branch of practical medicine, it plays a central role in intravital and postmortem diagnosis of human diseases. Diagnosis ( Greek diagnösis ) in medicine is the recognition, definition of a disease . Pathologists (pathologists), who work in medical institutions and specialized pathology bureaus, recognize diseases during the lives of patients, as well as after their death. The subject of study of the academic discipline is the structural basis of human diseases for indepth learning of the fundamental foundations of medicine and the clinical picture of diseases with further use of the acquired knowledge in the practical work of a doctor.